Romans 4 is one of the most profound chapters in the New Testament, offering a masterclass on the nature of faith, righteousness, and God’s grace. Using Abraham as the central example, the Apostle Paul dismantles the idea that salvation can be earned through human effort and instead presents a compelling case for justification by faith alone. This chapter is not just a theological treatise; it’s a practical guide for how we, as believers, can live in a right relationship with God.
In this blog post, we’ll explore the key themes of Romans 4, unpack its rich theological insights, and reflect on how its message applies to our lives today.
The Context of Romans 4
To fully appreciate Romans 4, we need to understand its place in the larger argument of the book of Romans. In Romans 1–3, Paul establishes that all humanity—Jew and Gentile alike—is guilty before God and in need of salvation. He then introduces the concept of justification by faith in Romans 3:21-31, explaining that righteousness comes through faith in Jesus Christ, not by observing the law.
Romans 4 builds on this foundation by using Abraham, the father of the Jewish faith, as a case study. Paul’s goal is to show that even in the Old Testament, righteousness was always received through faith, not works. This would have been a radical idea for Paul’s Jewish audience, who prided themselves on their adherence to the law and their lineage as descendants of Abraham.
Key Themes in Romans 4
Let’s break down the major themes of this chapter and see how they connect to the broader message of the gospel.
1. Justification by Faith, Not Works (Romans 4:1-8)
Paul begins by asking a critical question: “What then shall we say that Abraham, our forefather according to the flesh, has found?” (v. 1). In other words, how did Abraham become righteous? Was it through his works or through something else?
Paul answers by quoting Genesis 15:6: “Abraham believed God, and it was credited to him as righteousness” (v. 3). This verse is the cornerstone of Paul’s argument. Abraham’s righteousness was not something he earned; it was a gift from God, received by faith.
Paul contrasts this with works-based righteousness, using the analogy of wages: “Now to the one who works, wages are not credited as a gift but as an obligation” (v. 4). In other words, if righteousness were based on works, it would be something God owed us. But salvation is not a transaction; it’s a gift of grace.
To drive the point home, Paul references David, who spoke of the blessing of forgiveness apart from works (vv. 6-8, quoting Psalm 32:1-2). David’s words remind us that righteousness is not about perfection but about receiving God’s mercy through faith.
Application:
- Like Abraham, we are called to trust in God’s promises rather than relying on our own efforts.
- Salvation is a gift, not a reward for good behavior. This truth should humble us and fill us with gratitude.
2. Faith Before Circumcision (Romans 4:9-12)
Paul takes his argument a step further by pointing out that Abraham was declared righteous before he was circumcised (vv. 9-10). Circumcision was a sign of the covenant between God and Abraham, but it was not the basis of his righteousness.
This is a crucial point because it shows that Abraham’s faith, not his adherence to religious rituals, made him righteous. As Paul explains, “He received the sign of circumcision as a seal of the righteousness that he had by faith while he was still uncircumcised” (v. 11).
This makes Abraham the father of all who believe, whether circumcised or not (v. 12). In other words, Abraham’s faith is the model for both Jews and Gentiles.
Application:
- External rituals or traditions do not save us; faith in Christ is what matters.
- This teaches us that God’s family includes all who have faith, regardless of background or ethnicity.
3. The Promise Comes Through Faith, Not the Law (Romans 4:13-17)
Paul continues by explaining that the promise to Abraham and his descendants was not based on the law but on faith (v. 13). If salvation were based on the law, faith would be meaningless, and the promise would be void (v. 14).
The law, Paul argues, brings wrath because no one can perfectly keep it (v. 15). But faith brings grace, and grace is available to all who believe (v. 16).
Paul then highlights the nature of God’s promise: Abraham is the father of many nations because he believed in the God who gives life to the dead and calls things into existence (v. 17). This is a powerful reminder that our faith is rooted in a God who specializes in the impossible.
Application:
- The law shows us our need for a Savior, but it cannot save us.
- Faith in God’s promises unlocks His blessings and grace in our lives.
4. Abraham’s Faith in the Impossible (Romans 4:18-25)
Paul concludes the chapter by focusing on the nature of Abraham’s faith. Despite being nearly 100 years old and having a wife who was well beyond childbearing age, Abraham believed God’s promise of a son (vv. 18-19).
Paul writes, “He did not waver through unbelief regarding the promise of God, but was strengthened in his faith and gave glory to God” (v. 20). Abraham’s faith was not blind optimism; it was a confident trust in God’s character and power.
Because of his faith, God credited it to him as righteousness (v. 22). Paul then connects this to us: “The words ‘it was credited to him’ were written not for him alone, but also for us, to whom God will credit righteousness—for us who believe in Him who raised Jesus our Lord from the dead” (vv. 23-24).
Application:
- Faith means trusting God even when His promises seem impossible.
- Just as Abraham’s faith was credited to him as righteousness, our faith in Jesus’ resurrection brings us into right standing with God.
Why Romans 4 Matters Today
Romans 4 is more than a theological argument; it’s a call to live by faith. In a world that values achievement, performance, and self-reliance, this chapter reminds us that our relationship with God is based on His grace, not our efforts.
Here are three ways we can apply the message of Romans 4 to our lives:
- Embrace the Gift of Grace
- Salvation is not something we earn; it’s a gift we receive by faith. This truth should free us from the pressure to perform and fill us with gratitude for God’s unmerited favor.
- Trust God’s Promises
- Like Abraham, we are called to believe in God’s promises, even when circumstances seem impossible. Whether it’s a personal struggle, a broken relationship, or an uncertain future, we can trust that God is faithful.
- Celebrate the Universality of the Gospel
- Romans 4 reminds us that the gospel is for everyone. No matter your background, ethnicity, or past mistakes, God’s grace is available to you through faith in Jesus.
Final Thoughts
Romans 4 is a powerful reminder that faith, not works, is the foundation of our relationship with God. Abraham’s story challenges us to trust in God’s promises, even when they seem impossible, and to rest in the assurance that righteousness is a gift of grace.
As we reflect on this chapter, let’s ask ourselves: Are we living by faith, or are we trying to earn God’s favor? Are we trusting in God’s promises, or are we relying on our own strength?
Let’s take inspiration from Abraham and believe in the God who gives life to the dead and calls things into existence. After all, the same God who fulfilled His promises to Abraham is the God who promises to be with us, guide us, and bring us into His eternal kingdom.
What are your thoughts on Romans 4? How has this chapter impacted your understanding of faith and righteousness? Let’s continue the conversation in the comments below!